Plant immune activation pathways (cream) and possible subversion pathways (purple) in response to plant pathogen and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal stimuli are compared to the pathways that are thought to be involved in plant–Mucoromycotina fine root endophytes (MFRE) interactions.
Process or component drivers/elicitors are represented as arrows, and process or component inhibitors are represented as junctions. Shortcuts: Protein kinase C-calcium-and calcium-modulin-dependent (CCaMK); chitooligosaccharides (COs); effector-triggered immunity (ETI); hypersensitive reaction (HR); lipochito oligosaccharide (LCO); mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs); programmed cell death (PCD); lysin motif secreted by Rhizophagus irregularis, or RiSLM; Salicylic acid, or SA